AN OVERVIEW OF AFGHANISTAN'S MAJOR GOODS IMPORTS FROM 2011 TO 2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55829/ijmpr.v1i4.90Keywords:
Goods, Import, trade value, fluctuationAbstract
It is a generic source for academia, government strategic planning committees, and inside-focused businesses which directly self-independent a country economically. Therefore, it is very important to know those major imported goods that motivate internal business and government could flourish new jobs and reduce external factors influence a country. The data was in an open source as secondary data from the worldwide website. Furthermore, the data was analyzed through Power BI, Jamovi, and Excel software. The results showed that Afghanistan had $116 billion in imports of 21 major items from 2011 through 2020. The top five imported items were mineral products $19697866599 (16.92%), vegetable products $12759311935 (10.96%), transportation materials $11702351555 (10.05%), Foodstuffs materials $10447618796 (8.977%), animal and vegetable bi-products $4638743657 (3.98%). It is highly suggested to the current Afghan government to motivate the private, governmental, and non-governmental organizations to sharpen the human resource in these sectors, which bring new businesses and full fill the human and governmental needs for standing on their feet. On another side, Afghanistan import very little amount of weapons, which give a positive message to those terrorist countries which export and import more weapons.
References
Alimi, N., & Aflouk, N. (2017). Terms-of-trade shocks and macroeconomic volatility in developing countries: Panel smooth transition regression models. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 26(5), 534–551. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09638199.2016.1278029
Antonia, D., Hubert, E., Michael, R., & Thomas, V. (2017). Accumulating Trade Costs and Competitiveness in Global Value Chains (No. 2017/02; WTO Working Papers, Vol. 2017/02). World Trade Organization (WTO). https://doi.org/10.30875/7ed74c28-en
Bahmani-Oskooee, M., & Ardalani, Z. (2006). Exchange Rate Sensitivity of U.S. Trade Flows: Evidence from Industry Data. Southern Economic Journal, 72(3), 542–559. https://doi.org/10.2307/20111832
Boansi, D., OdilonKounagbéLokonon, B., & Appah, J. (2014). Determinants of Agricultural Export Trade: Case of Fresh Pineapple Exports from Ghana. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 4(11), 1736–1754. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJEMT/2014/10773
Carrasco, C. A., & Tovar-García, E. D. (2021). Trade and growth in developing countries: The role of export composition, import composition and export diversification. Economic Change and Restructuring, 54(4), 919–941. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-020-09291-8
Chen, P.-F., Zeng, J.-H., & Lee, C.-C. (2018). Renminbi exchange rate assessment and competitors’ exports: New perspective. ScienceDirect, 50, 187–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2018.03.009
Cheong, C., Mehari, T., & Williams, L. V. (2005). The effects of exchange rate volatility on price competitiveness and trade volumes in the UK: A disaggregated approach. Journal of Policy Modeling, 27(8), 961–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2005.06.013
Chu, Y. (2018). Impact of Exchange Rate Fluctuation on Trade Value-Taking UK as an Example. 1127–1132. https://doi.org/10.2991/icmess-18.2018.250
Data Wheel. (2020). The best place to explore trade data. OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity. https://oec.world/en/visualize/tree_map/hs92/import/afg/all/show/2011.2012.2013.2014.2015.2016.2017.2018.2019.2020/
Dietzenbacher, E., & Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2019). Measuring bilateral trade in terms of value added. Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/639612
King, R. C., Sen, R., D’Aubeterre, F., & Sethi, V. (2010). A Trade Value Perspective on Ecommerce Research: An Integration of Transaction Value and Transaction Cost Theories. International Journal of E-Business Research (IJEBR), 6(2), 59–77. https://doi.org/10.4018/jebr.2010040104
Koch, P. D., & Rosensweig, J. A. (1990). The Dynamic Relationship Between the Dollar and Components of U.S. Trade: Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 8(3), 355–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/07350015.1990.10509806
Olshanska, M. V., & Fal, Y. Y. (2019). Improving the Definition of the Notion “Goods” for Accounting Purposes of Trade Enterprises. Scientific Bulletin of the National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Audit, 1–2, Article 1–2. https://doi.org/10.31767/nasoa.1-2.2019.04
Seppälä, T., Kenney, M., & Ali-Yrkkö, J. (2014). Global supply chains and transfer pricing: Insights from a case study. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 19(4), 445–454. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-01-2014-0049
Seretis, S. A., & Tsaliki, P. V. (2012). Value transfers in trade: An explanation of the observed differences in development. International Journal of Social Economics, 29(2), 955–962. https://web.archive.org/web/20210814223751/http://grad-econ.web.auth.gr/oikper/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Value_transfers-IJoSE.pdf
Swamidass, P. M. (1993). Import Sourcing Dynamics: An Integrative Perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 24(4), 671–691. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490250
Toledo, H. (2014). Terms of Trade Instability and Output Growth in Bolivia. The Journal of Developing Areas, 48(2), 275–286. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2014.0034
