A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF ESG EVALUATION IN INDIA'S RENEWABLE ENERGY LEADERS

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55829/7kggf413

Keywords:

ESG, financial framework, SLR, societal outcomes

Abstract

This study systematically reviews the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) evaluation frameworks in India's renewable energy sector, focusing on their alignment with sustainable finance objectives. As India emerges as a global leader in renewable energy, the demand for robust ESG evaluation has grown, driven by stakeholders’ increasing awareness of sustainability.  It introduces about the nexus between ESG principles and India's renewable energy landscape, emphasizing their critical role in advancing sustainable development goals (SDGs).

In this research paper researchers tried to identify renewable sector companies which is registered on NSE and primarily focused on ESG parameter. Researchers focus on SLR method (Systematic Literature Review) and tried to study its impact on society. It’s The literature review explores key academic and industry research on ESG practices in India's leading renewable energy companies, identifying methodologies, challenges, and the evolving regulatory landscape. Furthermore, the study discusses how sustainable finance mechanisms—such as green bonds, impact investing, and carbon credits—complement ESG-focused strategies to enhance environmental and social outcomes.

The findings contribute actionable insights for policymakers, investors, and industry stakeholders to strengthen ESG evaluation frameworks. By bridging existing research gaps, this review aims to support the renewable energy sector in achieving a balance between financial performance and sustainability imperatives.

 

References

[1] Gupta, V., & Jindal, N. (2024). Financial and Operational Performance Evaluation of Adani Green Energy Ltd (AGEL). African Journal of Commercial Studies, 5(2), 117-130.

[2] Shankar, N., & Sharma, S. (2023, September). Impact of green bonds issuance on stock prices-Evidence from India. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2763, No. 1). AIP Publishing

[3] Barad, K. B., & Sapovadia, V. K. (2010). Milching the Winds: The Suzlon Way. Available at SSRN 1725640.

[4] Pradhan, D. (2012). Suzlon Energy Ltd: Making Foray Abroad. In India: acquiring its way to a global footprint (pp. 61-75). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

[5] Mesle, E. L., & Takkallapalli, C. S. (2009). Explaining Rapid Internationalization Process of Emerging Economy Firms: The case of Suzlon Energy. rapport nr.: Master Degree Project 2009: 1.

[6] Trompette, P., & Cholez, C. (2023). Frugal energy and the global markets of pico solar systems. In Handbook on Frugal Innovation (pp. 313-329). Edward Elgar Publishing.

[7] Gangakhedkar, R., & Mishra, R. K. (2014). Does NTPC Have a Dominant Position? A Critical Analysis. Journal of Infrastructure Development, 6(2), 167-183

[8] Khurana, A. (2016). Accounting system in power companies: a case study of NTPC limited. ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 6(7), 106-121.

[9] Hooda, R., & Chhikara, K. S. (2018). A critical evaluation of power sector of India with special reference to NTPC. ZENITH International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 8(9), 353-364.

[10] Sinha, S. (2016). Suzlon Energy. Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, 1-41

[11] Barad, K. B. (2013). Suzlon: Competing to Be Competitive. Available at SSRN 2211398.

[12] Chatnani, N. N. (2018). Green Investing and Indian Investors: The Case of Suzlon Energy. FIIB Business Review, 7(1), 16-21.

[13] Gupta, V., & Jindal, N. (2024). Financial and Operational Performance Evaluation of Adani Green Energy Ltd (AGEL). African Journal of Commercial Studies, 5(2), 117-130.

[14] Muhmad, S. N., Cheema, S., Mohamad Ariff, A., Nik Him, N. F., & Muhmad, S. N. Systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of green finance and renewable energy development. Sustainable Development

[15] Mudalige, H. M. N. K. (2023). Emerging new themes in green finance: a systematic literature review. Future Business Journal, 9(1), 108.

[16] Lee, J. W. (2020). Green finance and sustainable development goals: The case of China. Lee, Jung Wan (2020). Green Finance and Sustainable Development Goals: The Case of China. Journal of Asian Finance Economics and Business, 7(7), 577-586

[17] Oanh, T. T. K. (2024). Sustainable development: Driving force from the relationship between finance inclusion, green finance and green growth. Sustainable Development, 32(3), 2811-2829.

[18] Fathihani, J. S., Haat, M. H. C., Yusliza, M. Y., Muhammad, Z., & Bon, A. T. (2021, March). A Review of Sustainable Green Finance Literature: Mini Review Approach. In Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Singapore (p. 3194).

[19] Xu, L., & Wu, Y. (2023). Nexus between green finance, renewable energy and carbon emission: empirical evidence from selected Asian economies. Renewable Energy, 215, 118983.

[20] Alharbi, S. S., Al Mamun, M., Boubaker, S., & Rizvi, S. K. A. (2023). Green finance and renewable energy: A worldwide evidence. Energy Economics, 118, 106499.

[21] Alharbi, S. S., Al Mamun, M., Boubaker, S., & Rizvi, S. K. A. (2023). Green finance and renewable energy: A worldwide evidence. Energy Economics, 118, 106499.

[22] Yadav, N., Pathania, A., & Ramesh, K. M. Green Finance and its Role in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: A Bibliometric Analysis.

[23] Zhang, Y. (2024). Role of green finance, green bonds, public private partnership, and technology innovation in carbon neutrality and sustainable development. Heliyon, 10(18).

[24] Meng, B., & Hao, Z. (2024). Role of green finance and higher education in fostering the sustainability and energy transition practices. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1-8.

[25] Kong, F. (2022). A better understanding of the role of new energy and green finance to help achieve carbon neutrality goals, with special reference to China. Science Progress, 105(1), 00368504221086361.

[26] Addy, W. A., Ofodile, O. C., Adeoye, O. B., Oyewole, A. T., Okoye, C. C., Odeyemi, O., & Ololade, Y. J. (2024). Data-driven sustainability: How fintech innovations are supporting green finance. Engineering Science & Technology Journal, 5(3), 760-773.

[27] Wang, S., Sun, L., & Iqbal, S. (2022). Green financing role on renewable energy dependence and energy transition in E7 economies. Renewable Energy, 200, 1561-1572.

[28] Gronwald, M., & Wadud, S. (2025). “My name is bond. Green bond.” Informational efficiency of climate finance markets. Journal of Environmental Management, 373, 123697

[29] Chen, J. M., Umair, M., & Hu, J. (2024). Green finance and renewable energy growth in developing nations: a GMM analysis. Heliyon, 10(13).

[30] Sinha, A., Ghosh, V., Hussain, N., Nguyen, D. K., & Das, N. (2023). Green financing of renewable energy generation: Capturing the role of exogenous moderation for ensuring sustainable development. Energy economics, 126, 107021.

[31] Kazemilari, M., Mardani, A., Streimikiene, D., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2017). An overview of renewable energy companies in stock exchange: Evidence from minimal spanning tree approach. Renewable Energy, 102, 107-117.

[32] Chatnani, N. N. (2018). Green Investing and Indian Investors: The Case of Suzlon Energy. FIIB Business Review, 7(1), 16-21.

[33] Kazemilari, M., Mardani, A., Streimikiene, D., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2017). An overview of renewable energy companies in stock exchange: Evidence from minimal spanning tree approach. Renewable Energy, 102, 107-117.

[34] Abdullah, F., Alomair, A., Sibghatullah, A., & Naim, A. S. A. (2024). Promoting sustainable growth: the role of natural resource utilization, green investment, digital finance, industrial usage, energy efficiency, and renewable energy consumption. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 14(6), 408-419.

[35] Li, C., & Umair, M. (2023). Does green finance development goals affect renewable energy in China. Renewable Energy, 203, 898-905.

[36] Chen, J. M., Umair, M., & Hu, J. (2024). Green finance and renewable energy growth in developing nations: a GMM analysis. Heliyon, 10(13).

[37] Wang, S., Sun, L., & Iqbal, S. (2022). Green financing role on renewable energy dependence and energy transition in E7 economies. Renewable Energy, 200, 1561-1572.

[38] Zhang, D., Mohsin, M., & Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2022). Does green finance counteract the climate change mitigation: Asymmetric effect of renewable energy investment and R&D. Energy Economics, 113, 106183. “Renewable Energy Firm’s Performance Analysis Using Machine Learning Approach”

[39] Susman, G. I., & Glasmeier, A. K. (2009). Industry Structure and Company Strategies of Major Domestic and Foreign Wind and Solar Energy Manufacturers: Opportunities for Supply Chain Development in Appalachia.

[40] Irfan, M., Zhao, Z. Y., Ahmad, M., & Mukeshimana, M. C. (2019). Critical factors influencing wind power industry: A diamond model-based study of India. Energy Reports, 5, 1222-1235.

[41] He, L., Liu, R., Zhong, Z., Wang, D., & Xia, Y. (2019). Can green financial development promote renewable energy investment efficiency? A consideration of bank credit. Renewable Energy, 143, 974-984.

[42] Amer, M., & Daim, T. U. (2010). Application of technology roadmaps for renewable energy sector. Technological forecasting and social change, 77(8), 1355-1370.

[43] Inchauspe, J., Ripple, R. D., & Trück, S. (2015). The dynamics of returns on renewable energy companies: A state-space approach. Energy Economics, 48, 325-335.

[44] He, L., Liu, R., Zhong, Z., Wang, D., & Xia, Y. (2019). Can green financial development promote renewable energy investment efficiency? A consideration of bank credit. Renewable Energy, 143, 974-984.

[45] Shin, H., Ellinger, A. E., Nolan, H. H., DeCoster, T. D., & Lane, F. (2018). An assessment of the association between renewable energy utilization and firm financial performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 151, 1121-1138.

[46] Cunha, F. A. F. D. S., Meira, E., & Orsato, R. J. (2021). Sustainable finance and investment: Review and research agenda. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(8), 3821-3838.

[47] Haigh, M. (2012). Publishing and defining sustainable finance and investment. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 2(2), 88-94.

[48] Schoenmaker, D., & Schramade, W. (2018). Principles of sustainable finance. Oxford University Press.

[49] Schoenmaker, D. (2017). Investing for the common good: A sustainable finance framework. Brussels: Bruegel, 80.

[50] Yilan, G., Cordella, M., & Morone, P. (2022). Evaluating and managing the sustainability of investments in green and sustainable chemistry: An overview of sustainable finance approaches and tools. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 36, 100635.

[51] Aggarwal, D., & Elembilassery, V. (2018). Sustainable finance in emerging markets: A venture capital investment decision dilemma. South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases, 7(2), 131-143.

[52] Fatemi, A. M., & Fooladi, I. J. (2013). Sustainable finance: A new paradigm. Global Finance Journal, 24(2), 101-113.

[53] Schoenmaker, D. (2017). From risk to opportunity: A framework for sustainable finance. RSM series on positive change, 2.

[54] Zeidan, R. (2022). Obstacles to sustainable finance and the covid19 crisis. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 12(2), 525-528.

[55] Nedopil Wang, C., Lund Larsen, M., & Wang, Y. (2022). Addressing the missing linkage in sustainable finance: the ‘SDG Finance Taxonomy’. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 12(2), 630-637.

[56] Claringbould, D., Koch, M., & Owen, P. (2019). Sustainable finance: The European Union’s approach to increasing sustainable investments and growth–opportunities and challenges. Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung, (2), 11-27.

[57] Purnomo, A., Sari, A. K., Susanti, T., Mannan, S. S. A., & Lumentut, T. M. B. A. (2021, April). Sustainable finance study of bibliometric overview. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 729, No. 1, p. 012124). IOP Publishing.

[58] Lehner, O. M. (2016). Routledge handbook of social and sustainable finance. Routledge.

[59] Ryszawska, B. (2016). Sustainability transition needs sustainable finance. Copernican Journal of Finance & Accounting, 5(1), 185-194.

[60] Setyowati, A. B. (2023). Governing sustainable finance: insights from Indonesia. Climate Policy, 23(1), 108-121.

[61] Kemfert, C., & Schmalz, S. (2019). Sustainable finance: Political challenges of development and implementation of framework conditions. Green Finance, 1(3), 237-248.

[62] Durrani, A., Volz, U., & Rosmin, M. (2020). The role of central banks in scaling up sustainable finance: What do monetary authorities in Asia and the Pacific think? (No. 1099). ADBI working paper series.

[63] Carolina Rezende de Carvalho Ferreira, M., Amorim Sobreiro, V., Kimura, H., & Luiz de Moraes Barboza, F. (2016). A systematic review of literature about finance and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 6(2), 112-147.

[64] Dimmelmeier, A. (2023). Sustainable finance as a contested concept: tracing the evolution of five frames between 1998 and 2018. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 13(4), 1600-1623.

[65] Hong, H., Wang, N., & Yang, J. (2023). Welfare consequences of sustainable finance. The Review of Financial Studies, 36(12), 4864-4918.

[66] Streimikiene, D., Mikalauskiene, A., & Burbaite, G. (2023). The role of sustainable finance in achieving sustainable development goals. Economics & sociology, 16(1), 256-283.

[67] Gonzalez, C. I. (2021). Overview of global and European institutional sustainable finance initiatives. Banco de Espana Article, 30, 21.

[68] Ucal, M. (2018). Walter Leal Filho, Diana-Mihaela Pociovalisteanu and Abul Quasem Al-Amin (eds): Sustainable economic development: green economy and green growth: Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 2017, 331 pp,€ 118.99, ISSN: 2199-7373, ISSN: 2199-7381 (electronic); World Sustainability Series—ISBN: 978-3-319-45079-7, ISBN: 978-3-319-45081-0 (eBook), DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45081-0.

[69] Lannoo, K., & Thomadakis, A. (2020). Derivatives in sustainable finance. CEPS-ECMI Study. Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies, 3.

[70] “A Conceptual Framework for Data-Driven Sustainable Finance in Green Energy Transition”

[71] Chen, Y. S., Lin, C. K., Chou, J. C. L., Chen, S. F., & Ting, M. H. (2022). Application of advanced hybrid models to identify the sustainable financial management clients of long-term care insurance policy. Sustainability, 14(19), 12485. “Indonesia’s Strategy for Sustainable Finance”

[72] Weber, O., & Remer, S. (2011). Social banks and the future of sustainable finance. Routledge.

[73] Goel, R., Gautam, D., Natalucci, F., & Natalucci, M. F. M. (2022). Sustainable finance in emerging markets: evolution, challenges, and policy priorities (No. 2022-2182). International Monetary Fund.

[74] Gupta, V., & Jindal, N. (2024). Financial and Operational Performance Evaluation of Adani Green Energy Ltd (AGEL). African Journal of Commercial Studies, 5(2), 117-130.

[75] Al Ahbabi, A. R., & Nobanee, H. (2019). Conceptual building of sustainable financial management & sustainable financial growth. Available at SSRN 3472313.

[76] Gupta, V., & Jindal, N. (2024). Financial and Operational Performance Evaluation of Adani Green Energy Ltd (AGEL). African Journal of Commercial Studies, 5(2), 117-130.

[77] Carney, M. (2019). TCFD: strengthening the foundations of sustainable finance. Proceedings of the TCFD Summit.

[78] Pashang, S., & Weber, O. (2023). AI for sustainable finance: Governance mechanisms for institutional and societal approaches. In The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence for the Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 203-229). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

[79] Oman, W., & Svartzman, R. (2021). What justifies sustainable finance measures? Financial-economic interactions and possible implications for policymakers. In CESifo Forum (Vol. 22, No. 03, pp. 03-11). München: ifo Institut-Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität München

[80] Oyewole, A. T., Adeoye, O. B., Addy, W. A., Okoye, C. C., & Ofodile, O. C. (2024). Enhancing global competitiveness of US SMES through sustainable finance: a review and future directions. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 6(3), 634-647.

[81] Fuest, C., & Meier, V. (2023). Sustainable finance and climate change: Wasteful but a political commitment device?. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 118, 102795.

[82] Zioło, M., Bąk, I., Cheba, K., Spoz, A., & Niedzielski, P. (2021). Sustainable financial systems toward sustainability in finance. Institutional and managerial approach. Procedia Computer Science, 192, 4237-4248.

[83] Crofts, R., Gordon, J. E., Brilha, J., Gray, M., Gunn, J., Larwood, J., ... & Worboys, G. L. (2020). Developing capacity for a protected planet.

[84] Kemfert, C., & Schmalz, S. (2019). Sustainable finance: Political challenges of development and implementation of framework conditions. Green Finance, 1(3), 237-248.

[85] Kaakandikar, R., & Kulkarni, M. V. (2019). A Study of Instrument used in Trade Finance Suzlon Energy Ltd. Pune. Think India Journal, 22(4), 8392-8405.

[86] Aggarwal, D., & Elembilassery, V. (2018). Sustainable finance in emerging markets: A venture capital investment decision dilemma. South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases, 7(2), 131-143.

[87] Eryilmaz, D., & Homans, F. (2013). Uncertainty in Renewable Energy Policy: How do Renewable Energy Credit markets and Production Tax Credits affect decisions to invest in renewable energy?.

[88] Kumar, R., Ojha, K., Ahmadi, M. H., Raj, R., Aliehyaei, M., Ahmadi, A., & Nabipour, N. (2020). A review status on alternative arrangements of power generation energy resources and reserve in India. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 15(2), 224-240.

[89] Cheng, C., Hua, Y., & Tan, D. (2019). Spatial dynamics and determinants of sustainable finance: Evidence from venture capital investment in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 232, 1148-1157.

[90] Strandberg, C. (2005). Best practices in sustainable finance. Strandberg Consulting.

[91] Gupta, A., & Srinivasan, V. (2011). Suzlon Foundation: Engage, Empower, Sustain. IIM Bangalore Research Paper, (345).

[92] Chang, X., Fu, K., Jin, Y., & Liem, P. F. (2022). Sustainable finance: ESG/CSR, firm value, and investment returns. Asia‐Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 51(3), 325-371.

[93] Zamfiroiu, T. P., & Pinzaru, F. (2021). Advancing strategic management through sustainable finance. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 9(2), 279-291.

[94] Schumacher, K. (2022). Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors and green productivity: The impacts of greenwashing and competence greenwashing on sustainable finance and ESG investing. APO Productivity Insights, 2, 11.

[95] Fullwiler, S. (2016). Sustainable finance: Building a more general theory of finance. In Routledge handbook of social and sustainable finance (pp. 17-34). Routledge.

Downloads

Published

27-05-2025

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF ESG EVALUATION IN INDIA’S RENEWABLE ENERGY LEADERS. (2025). International Journal of Management, Public Policy and Research, 4(2), 213-226. https://doi.org/10.55829/7kggf413

Similar Articles

1-10 of 74

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.